Incremental Stability of Gradient Flows under Generalized Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz Inequalities and Its Implications for General Systems

arXiv:2610.40897v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Gradient flows of twice continuously differentiable strongly convex and convex objectives are, respectively, incrementally exponentially stable and non-expansive in the Euclidean metric. In this work, we investigate to what extent these properties extend to nonconvex objectives satisfying generalized Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz inequalities. For objectives with a unique minimizer, we establish conditions under which the gradient flow is contracting in a state-dependent Riemannian metric and incrementally exponentially stable. For objectives with nonunique minimizers, we generalize the non-expansivity of convex objectives to incremental stability for more general nonconvex objectives. We focus on incremental stability due to its implication to convergence to equilibrium points; when paired with a Lyapunov function it implies pointwise convergence to a minimizer and continuity of the endpoint map. Along the way, we derive new structural results for incrementally stable nonlinear systems and extend the analysis to Heavy-Ball and Dynamical Inertial Newton flows.