Decomposing URLLC Deadline Failures in Beam-Managed 6G Networks: Implications for Mission-Critical Wireless Systems

arXiv:2610.22411v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mission-critical wireless systems require ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), which sixth-generation (6G) millimeter-wave (mmWave) beam-managed networks are designed to provide. However, the reported URLLC deadline miss rate often masks the specific causes of packet failures. This paper introduces a framework that categorizes missed URLLC packets into three causes: queueing-limited (Q), transmission-limited (T), and beam-tracking-limited (B). Our analysis across ten scenarios with antenna counts from $\mathbf{64}$ to $\mathbf{4096}$ reveals three key findings. First, the dominant cause of missed packets shifts from Q to B when the antenna count exceeds roughly $\mathbf{1825}$. Therefore, operators of hyper-massive arrays should focus on improving beam-tracking accuracy to reduce the miss rate. Second, the beam-sweep period ($T_{\mathrm{sw}}$) significantly affects B-misses, while Q and T remain relatively unchanged. Reducing $T_{\mathrm{sw}}$ from $\mathbf{20}$ms to $\mathbf{10}$ms can cut the B-misses by more than half, without requiring a redesign of the scheduler. Third, Q-misses reach a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of approximately $\mathbf{0.98}$ by $\mathbf{0.8}\,$ms, so modest latency-budget relaxation can accommodate most overruns. In contrast, B-misses remain unsaturated at $\mathbf{12}\,$ms, making them difficult to accommodate within practical application-layer latency limits. Overall, this framework transforms an ambiguous aggregate miss-rate metric into a clear three-way diagnostic tool that directly informs remedial actions for network operators.