CONSORT: Uncertainty-Constrained Multi-Robot Planning for Cooperative Localization in GPS-Denied Environments

arXiv:2610.41235v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Centralized multi-agent path planning with cooperative localization in GPS-denied environments is generally computationally intractable when formulated in full belief space due to tightly coupled uncertainty dynamics. Prior work typically approximates belief dynamics or restricts inter-agent coupling. This work examines a multi-agent planning problem in which a primary agent must reach a goal in minimum time subject to a chance-constrained collision-avoidance requirement and a terminal bound on localization uncertainty. We obtain a tractable surrogate of the underlying belief-space problem by optimizing over the mean-state trajectories of all agents and propagating covariance for terminal constraint evaluation only. We propose CONSORT (Cooperative Navigation with Support-Optimized Routing and Trajectories), a discrete-to-continuous pipeline combining hexagonal-grid joint search with spline-based trajectory refinement. Across 50 randomized scenarios, the planners separate as the terminal uncertainty bound tightens, with CONSORT solving 80% of scenarios where the strongest baseline solves 54%, at comparable path length. In marine simulations, with the plans executed under feedback control on an independently developed factor-graph estimate, the trajectories remain collision-free and their terminal uncertainty falls within 6% of the planner's prediction.